What is 'backdraft' in firefighting?

Backdraft is a critical phenomenon in firefighting characterized by a sudden ignition of combustibles in an enclosed space. This occurs when a fire that has been smoldering due to insufficient oxygen suddenly receives a fresh supply of air, such as during ventilation efforts. The introduction of oxygen can cause the accumulated flammable gases to ignite explosively, leading to a rapid and violent fire spread.

Understanding backdraft is essential for firefighters as it poses significant risks during firefighting operations, particularly in confined spaces where fire conditions can change rapidly. Proper training and knowledge of indicators for potential backdraft conditions can help firefighters make informed decisions to ensure their safety and effectiveness in controlling such dangerous situations.

The description of backdraft as something that involves sudden ignition following ventilation distinguishes it from other fire-related phenomena, such as gradual cooling or flashover, which involves a different set of conditions and concerns for firefighters.